Wednesday, March 11, 2015

Fourth Interview Questions

Due Date: Thursday, March 12, 2015

Content: Post 20 open-ended questions you want to ask an expert in the field concerning your senior project. The focus of your questions should be on your answer to your EQ.

  1. What do you think is the best way to optimize the electrical grid to ensure maximum operating efficiency? Why?
  2. How big of a role do you think Home Automation Systems will play in optimizing the electrical grid?
  3. 1 I can see that it is apparent that maintaining reliability is an integral part of any power system. So how do you deal with new technology being introduced into the power system reliably and efiiciently? Do only “proven technologies” get introduced into your projects? Or do you find yourself “de-risking” technology before it is implemented? If so, how? Please give examples.
  4.  What do you think is the best way to boost the integration of renewable energy sources into the electrical grid?
  5.  What do you think are the benefits of utilizing HVDC transmission systems as opposed to HVAC systems?
  6.  According to Peter Vaessen, there is a double risk trend in reliability, which is becoming increasingly apparent as our networking increases and electronic information exchange develops. Furthermore, he states that this trend urges governments and transmission system operators to take measures to improve the availability of the system through standards and codes.
  7. How do you think new standards and codes will improve the availability of the electrical grid?
  8.  Do you think that new standards and codes could increase the operating efficiency of the grid? If so, why? In what ways?
  9.  Are there any standards/codes that you think are detrimental to the reliability of the grid? If so, why and be specific.
  10. Nispen stresses that being active in the integration of customer-centric microgrids is an important step for utilities to take. Have you heard of microgrids/know what they are?
  11. How do you think utilities can combat this problem?
  12. Why is operating efficiency important to the electrical grid?
  13. How would you describe the current state of the electrical grid for all aspects? (e.g., generation, transmission, and distribution)
  14. How reliable is our electrical grid (in the U.S.A.) today as far as electrical delivery is concerned?
  15. In your opinion, is the reliability of our electrical grid deteriorating? Why or why not?
  16. From a technological standpoint, how does our electrical grid today compare to the grid 10 years ago? 20 years ago?
  17. A man named Hugo van Nispen once said, “Sustainability has moved beyond being a marketing message. For many utilities and their customers, it is a way of life.” Do you agree with these statements? If so, why?
  18.  I read a blog post about the Utility of the Future Leadership Forum recently. In that post, Mr. Nispen also said that “Innovation is constantly redefining [the power] industry. However, while utilities have done a great job of applying innovative technologies in some cases… few have taken the required next step of transforming their business operations in a way that enables them to take full advantage of the applied innovation.” To what extent do you agree with this quote and why? Have you seen this happen while “in the field”?
  19. What are capacitor banks, and how do they contribute to the operating efficiency of the power grid?
  20. What repercussions do utilities encounter by deviating from the unity power factor?
  21. What do you think is the best way to reduce the amount of reactive power in a distribution network?

If you have already interviewed someone two times, you aren't allowed to interview that same person without House teacher approval.


The interview itself is not due until Friday, April 17th to turnitin.com. However, we want to give you as much time as possible, so we are asking you to complete the blog now. Remember that in addition to turning in the interview, you also need to turn in the verification sheet to your House teacher.

Wednesday, March 4, 2015

Blog 17: Third Answer

Due Date:  Thursday, March 5th by 8AM

Content:

Just like you did for answer 1 and 2 post your:
  • EQ
    • What is the best way to optimize the electrical grid to ensure maximum operating efficiency?
  • Answer #3 (Write in a complete sentence like a thesis statement)*
    • Change voltage profiles to decrease the amount of reactive power being generated.
  • 3 details to support the answer (a detail is a fact and an example)
    • Changing the voltage profile of a distribution system, such as the electrical grid, helps utilities maintain a power factor of one (aka, "unity power factor"). The unity power factor is the goal of any electrical utility service. If utilities have a power factor less than one, then they have to supply more current to the user for a given amount of power use. In so doing, they incur more line losses. They also must have larger capacity equipment in place than would be otherwise necessary. As a result, an industrial facility will be charged a penalty if its power factor is much different from 1. According to my mentor, keeping the power factor close to one also minimizes the amount of reactive power being generated.
    • There are two types of power: real power and reactive power. According to my mentor, reactive power is synonymous with wasted energy due to traveling between an input (e.g., a substation) and the output (e.g., a home). In order to reduce this reactive power in a distribution network, such as the electrical grid, engineers must remember the equation for electric power: P=VI (Power = voltage x current). This equation gives the instantaneous power in an AC circuit. Current is measured in Ohms. 
    • Changing the voltage profile of a distribution system also helps facilitate the integration of distributed generators, DG. As DG becomes more widespread, there are some problems that are encountered. The distribution networks to which distributed generators (e.g. solar farms and wind farms)  are connected were not designed for direct connection of generators. They were designed for power flow from a source (substation) to the consumer loads. Introduction of DG often leads to changes in the direction of power flow in distribution networks. In addition to this, DG cause changes to stability, voltage profile and protection systems. Because distribution networks were not designed to accommodate generators, constraints are placed on DG utilization. One limit is the amount of power that DG can supply. Supply of real power causes voltage level around the power source to rise. If the real power supplied is too high, voltage level may rise beyond acceptable limits set by the NEC (National Electric Code).
  • The research source (s) to support your details and answer
    • Interview 3 (with Allen Barreno)
    • https://www.uonbi.ac.ke/abunguodero/files/ijetae_1212_13.pdf
    • http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/powfac.html#c1
    • Mini Interviews (with Ali Kazemi and Amanvir Sudan)
  • Concluding Sentence



*Write your answer like you would write a thesis statement.  Please don't give us one or two words or start your sentence with "by".    Thanks!